Expert knowledge as a social phenomenon: theoretical and mythodological analysis
Research Article
How to Cite
Koshelev A.A., Ivchenkova M.S. Expert knowledge as a social phenomenon: theoretical and mythodological analysis. Science. Culture. Society. 2022. Vol. 28. No. 4. P. 36-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/nko.2022.28.4.3 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The transformations of modern society with its rapid informatization and digitalization form a new social demand for analyzing present and future. A figure of an expert appears more and more often as a producer of special expert knowledge in public policy and everyday practices. Namely, expert knowledge becomes in demand and acquires the so-called symbolic capital.
This paper deals with a retrospective review of understanding the phenomenon of expert knowledge in the theoretical concepts of the classics of sociological science. In addition, the article presents a theoretical and methodological analysis of the work of Russian social researchers dealing with the issues of expert knowledge in modern Russian society.
As a result of theoretical concepts analyzing it is concluded that expert knowledge is a complex multifaceted social phenomenon, the history of which goes back to antiquity and develops over the centuries. First of all, expert knowledge is a set of skills and abilities that allow their holders to develop specific recommendations in management and politics. Secondly, a necessary criterion for expert knowledge is its public nature. The question remains as to what is the priority in expert knowledge - science or practice. In our opinion, both science and practice should unite to solve the applied problems of the objective reality of modern society. It is expert knowledge as the quintessence of fundamental knowledge, professional experience and personal responsibility of an expert that can become an effective tool for supporting transformational changes in Russia.
Keywords:
expert knowledge, scientific knowledge, expert, symbolic capital, capitalization of knowledge
References
1. Comte A. (2003) Discours sur l'esprit positif. Transl. from Fr. by I. A. Shapiro. Rostov n/D, Phoenix Publ. 256 p. ISBN 5-222-03417-8 (in Russ.).
2. Durkheim E. (1996) De la division du travail social. Transl. from Fr. by A. B. Hoffmann. Moscow, Kanon Publ. 432 p. ISBN 5-88373-036-1 (in Russ.).
3. Weber M. (2006) Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Grundriss der verstehenden Soziologie: in 4 Vol. Transl. from Germ. Moscow, HSE Publ. House. Vol. I. Sociology. 445 p. ISBN 978-5-7598-1513-6 (in Russ.).
4. Marx K. (1955) Theses on Feuerbach. In: К. Marx, F. Engels. Works: in 30 Vol. Moscow, Gospolitizdat. Vol. 3. Pp. 1–4 (in Russ.).
5. Mantseva E. R. (2017) The Principles of Knowledge in Postindustrial Society Theory of D. Bell and U. Beck. Sociology. No. 2. Pp. 41–44 (in Russ.).
6. Bell D. (2004) The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. Transl. from Eng. ed. by V. L. Inozemtsev. Moscow, Academia Publ. 784 p. ISBN 5-87444-203-0 (in Russ.).
7. Beck U. (2000) Risikogesellschaft. Transl. from Germ. by V. Sedelnik & N. Fedorova. Moscow, Progress Tradition Publ. 384 p. ISBN 5-89826-059-5 (in Russ.)
8. Lem S. (1968) Summa technologiae. Transl. from Polish. Moscow, Mir Publ. 608 p. (In Russ.).
9. Koshovets O. (2007) The Specifics of Expert Knowledge in Russia (The Case of Forming Russian Foresight). Voprosy Ekonomiki. No. 11. Pp. 25–43. DOI 10.32609/0042-8736-2007-11-25-43 (in Russ.).
10. Frolov I. E. (2007) The Concept of Economic-Technological Mechanism of Accelerated Development of Knowledge-Intensive, High-Tech Economy and its Theoretical Basis. Concepts. No. 1. Pp. 27–58 (in Russ.).
11. Bauman Z. (2004) Globalization : the Human Consequences. Moscow, Publ. House “Ves’ Mir”. 188 p. ISBN 5-7777-0303-8 (in Russ.).
12. Feyerabend Р. (1975) How to Defend Society against Science? Radical Philosophy. RP 011. Pp. 3–8 (in Eng.).
13. Nichols T. (2019) The Death of Expertise: the Campaign against Established Knowledge and Why It Matters. Transl. from Eng. by T. L. Platonova. Moscow, Eksmo Publ. 368 p. ISBN 978-5-04-093427-0 (in Russ.).
14. Ashkerov A. Yu. (2009) Ekspertokratiya. Upravlenie znaniyami: proiz-vodstvo i obrashchenie informacii v epohu ul'trakapitalizma [Expertocracy. Knowledge management: production and circulation of information in the era of ultracapitalism]. Moscow, Europe Publ. 132 p. ISBN 978-5-9739-170-7 (in Russ.).
15. Koshovets O. B. (2008) Expert and Reproduction of Scientific Knowledge. In: Economics as an Art: Methodological Issues of Applying Economic Theory in Applied Socio-Economic Research. Ed. by O. I. Ananyin. Moscow, Nauka Publ. Pp. 210–249 (in Russ.).
16. Sungurov A. Yu. (2015) Kak vosnikayut politicheskie innovatsii: fabriki mysly i drugiye instituty-mediatory [How Political Innovations Arise: Think Tanks and other Institutions-Mediators]. Moscow, Publ. House “Political Encyclopedia”. 283 p. ISBN 978-5-8243-1959-0 (in Russ.).
17. Sungurov A. Yu. (2020) Expert Communities and Government. Moscow, Publ. House “Political Encyclopedia” 231 p. ISBN 978-5-8243-2394-8 (in Russ.).
18. Ivchenkova M. S. (2021) The Place and Role of Scientific Knowledge in Risk and Trauma Society: the Analysis of Modern Russian Sociologists’ Concepts. Izvestiya of Saratov University. Sociology. Politology. Vol. 21. No. 4. Pp. 395–402. DOI 10.18500/1818-9601-2021-21-4-395-402 (in Russ.).
2. Durkheim E. (1996) De la division du travail social. Transl. from Fr. by A. B. Hoffmann. Moscow, Kanon Publ. 432 p. ISBN 5-88373-036-1 (in Russ.).
3. Weber M. (2006) Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Grundriss der verstehenden Soziologie: in 4 Vol. Transl. from Germ. Moscow, HSE Publ. House. Vol. I. Sociology. 445 p. ISBN 978-5-7598-1513-6 (in Russ.).
4. Marx K. (1955) Theses on Feuerbach. In: К. Marx, F. Engels. Works: in 30 Vol. Moscow, Gospolitizdat. Vol. 3. Pp. 1–4 (in Russ.).
5. Mantseva E. R. (2017) The Principles of Knowledge in Postindustrial Society Theory of D. Bell and U. Beck. Sociology. No. 2. Pp. 41–44 (in Russ.).
6. Bell D. (2004) The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. Transl. from Eng. ed. by V. L. Inozemtsev. Moscow, Academia Publ. 784 p. ISBN 5-87444-203-0 (in Russ.).
7. Beck U. (2000) Risikogesellschaft. Transl. from Germ. by V. Sedelnik & N. Fedorova. Moscow, Progress Tradition Publ. 384 p. ISBN 5-89826-059-5 (in Russ.)
8. Lem S. (1968) Summa technologiae. Transl. from Polish. Moscow, Mir Publ. 608 p. (In Russ.).
9. Koshovets O. (2007) The Specifics of Expert Knowledge in Russia (The Case of Forming Russian Foresight). Voprosy Ekonomiki. No. 11. Pp. 25–43. DOI 10.32609/0042-8736-2007-11-25-43 (in Russ.).
10. Frolov I. E. (2007) The Concept of Economic-Technological Mechanism of Accelerated Development of Knowledge-Intensive, High-Tech Economy and its Theoretical Basis. Concepts. No. 1. Pp. 27–58 (in Russ.).
11. Bauman Z. (2004) Globalization : the Human Consequences. Moscow, Publ. House “Ves’ Mir”. 188 p. ISBN 5-7777-0303-8 (in Russ.).
12. Feyerabend Р. (1975) How to Defend Society against Science? Radical Philosophy. RP 011. Pp. 3–8 (in Eng.).
13. Nichols T. (2019) The Death of Expertise: the Campaign against Established Knowledge and Why It Matters. Transl. from Eng. by T. L. Platonova. Moscow, Eksmo Publ. 368 p. ISBN 978-5-04-093427-0 (in Russ.).
14. Ashkerov A. Yu. (2009) Ekspertokratiya. Upravlenie znaniyami: proiz-vodstvo i obrashchenie informacii v epohu ul'trakapitalizma [Expertocracy. Knowledge management: production and circulation of information in the era of ultracapitalism]. Moscow, Europe Publ. 132 p. ISBN 978-5-9739-170-7 (in Russ.).
15. Koshovets O. B. (2008) Expert and Reproduction of Scientific Knowledge. In: Economics as an Art: Methodological Issues of Applying Economic Theory in Applied Socio-Economic Research. Ed. by O. I. Ananyin. Moscow, Nauka Publ. Pp. 210–249 (in Russ.).
16. Sungurov A. Yu. (2015) Kak vosnikayut politicheskie innovatsii: fabriki mysly i drugiye instituty-mediatory [How Political Innovations Arise: Think Tanks and other Institutions-Mediators]. Moscow, Publ. House “Political Encyclopedia”. 283 p. ISBN 978-5-8243-1959-0 (in Russ.).
17. Sungurov A. Yu. (2020) Expert Communities and Government. Moscow, Publ. House “Political Encyclopedia” 231 p. ISBN 978-5-8243-2394-8 (in Russ.).
18. Ivchenkova M. S. (2021) The Place and Role of Scientific Knowledge in Risk and Trauma Society: the Analysis of Modern Russian Sociologists’ Concepts. Izvestiya of Saratov University. Sociology. Politology. Vol. 21. No. 4. Pp. 395–402. DOI 10.18500/1818-9601-2021-21-4-395-402 (in Russ.).
Article
Received: 12.10.2022
Accepted: 15.12.2022
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Koshelev, A. A., & Ivchenkova, M. S. (2022). Expert knowledge as a social phenomenon: theoretical and mythodological analysis. Science. Culture. Society, 28(4), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.19181/nko.2022.28.4.3
Section
Theory and methods of sociological science
1.jpg)
